“AOYE” SERIES TRACTOR
使用指南
USE GUID
奥野系列中马力拖拉机产品型号有：奥野360/420/450/460/480/500/520/550和奥野364/424/454/484/504/524/554。正确的使用和保养拖拉机，将会给您带来良好的收益。
The AOYE series tractor includes“360/420/450/460/480/500/520/550 and 364/424/454/484/504/524/554” The correct use and maintenance of a tractor, and you will bring a good income.
一、 拖拉机的磨合
一 tractor’s Running-in
新出厂的拖拉机或经过大修后的拖拉机，使用前都必须进行磨合，如果不经过磨合就在大负荷下使用，就会加速机件的磨损，缩短拖拉机的使用寿命。
New tractor before use must be preceded by tryout. If not in tryout under heavy load, the engine will accelerate the wear and shorten the lifecycle of tractor.
拖拉机的磨合
Tractor’s Running-in
1.柴油机空转15分钟，低、中、高速各5分钟 Diesel engine racing fifteen minute at low 、 medium 、 high 、speed 。
2.拖拉机的空驶磨合5小时，每个档位半小时。
The unload of tractor drives to Running-in 5 hours, each shift half an hour
3.液压悬挂系统的磨合，挂接好配套农具后，在柴油机额定转速下操纵升降手柄，使悬挂机构升降20分钟 ,升降次数不少于50次，磨合后将分配器操纵手柄置于下降位置。
Hydraulic pressure suspension system’s wear, after hangs matched farm tool, then operate the lift and down handle under the diesel engine rated speed, causes the hand organization to rise and fall 20 minutes, the fluctuation number of times many in 50 times, after wearing in puts in the divider control handle drops the position
4．动力输出轴的磨合，在柴油机中油门运转时，将动力输出轴操纵手柄分别置于低速、高速位置，各磨合5分钟，然后将动力输出轴操纵手柄置于低挡位置。
4. PTO Running-in, engage the PTO control lever in high or low position, run the engine 5 minutes for each positions in middle throttle. Move the control lever to neutral position when running-in is completed
5.拖拉机负荷磨合30小时，要求负荷磨合时，挡次应依次由低向高，负荷由轻到重逐级进行。
The tractor wearing need cost 30 hours, when the request load wears in, the shift keeps off in turn from lower to high by the level carries on.
磨合后的工作
负荷磨合结束后，拖拉机应进行以下几项工作后方能转入正常使用：
1、停车后趁热放净柴油机油底壳中的润滑油，将油底壳、机油滤网及机油滤清器清洗干净，加入新润滑油。
2、趁热放净变速箱、后桥、最终传动、分动箱、前驱动桥、转向器内机油，清理放油螺塞和磁铁，然后注入适量柴油，用Ⅱ挡和倒挡各行驶2～3分钟，随即放净柴油并加入新润滑油。
3、清洗柴油滤清器（包括燃油箱中滤网）和空气滤清器。
4、放出冷却水，用清水清洗柴油机的冷却系统。
After Running-in
Before putting the tractor into normal operation, the tractor should be fully serviced after running-in. the procedures are as follows:
1. Stop the engine and drain out the oil from the oil sump with oil warm, clean the oil sump, and refill the new oil.
2. Drain out the oil from the rear axle, transfer box, final axle, front drive axle, steering gear and etc. while the oil is warm. Clean the drain plugs and magnets. Fill the above systems with certain amount of kerosene or diesel and run the tractor 2～3 minutes respectively in L II gear and R II gear, drain them again and fill new oil.
3. Clean the fuel filters (include fuel strainer in fuel tank) ; clean the air cleaner.
4. Drain out the cooling water, clean the cooling system with clean water.
二、 拖拉机的使用
Tractor’s use
1、 拖拉机的操纵与驾驶
Tractor’s use and operation
离合器的使用：
奥野系列中马力拖拉机采用双作用式离合器。主、副离合器用离合踏板操纵。踩下踏板，离合器分离，切断动力，操纵变速杆、动力输出手柄和前驱动操纵手柄，可以完成变速箱动力输出的摘档、挂档和前驱动的挂接与分离；然后缓慢松开踏板，结合动力。离合器分离要迅速，结合要缓慢平顺，注意拖拉机在行驶、作业中严禁踩踏离合器踏板控制车速，以免离合器和分离轴承早期磨损和损坏。
The use of Clutch:
The AOYE series medium power tractor uses the double-acting type coupling. The host, the vice- coupling operates with the meeting and parting footboard. Steps on the footboard, the coupling separation, shuts off the power, operates the gearshift lever, the dynamic output handle and first actuates the control handle, may complete the gear box dynamic output to pick the files, to hang the files and first actuates to hang meets with separates; Then the slow pine operates the footboard, the union power. The coupling separation must be rapid, the union slowly wants to be smooth, pays attention to the tractor in the travel, the work strictly prohibits stepping on the clutch pedal control vehicle speed, in order to avoid coupling and release bearing early time attrition and damage.
差速锁的使用操纵：
当拖拉机后轮单边打滑不能前进时，按下列方法操纵差速锁：
（1） 踏下离合器踏板，挂上低速挡。
（2） 将手油门开至最大位置。
（3） 踏下位于驾驶座右下方的差速锁操纵踏板，缓慢地松开离合器踏板，离合器接合。此时，拖拉机两驱动轮同时转动，使拖拉机驶过打滑区。
（4） 拖拉机驶过打滑区后，应松开差速锁操纵手柄。
注意：当差速锁接合时，拖拉机不允许转弯。
4.1.5 Differential Operation
When one rear driving wheel slips and tractor could not travel, operate the differential by ways as follows:
（1）Depress the clutch pedal and set the gear to the lower gear shift.
（2）Set the throttle lever to the highest speed position.
（3）Depress the differential lock pedal in the right side under the operator seat, slowly release the clutch pedal to engage the clutch smoothly. The both driving wheels will turn together and the tractor gets over the sliding area.
（4）Release the differential pedal as soon as the tractor gets over the sliding area.
IMPORTANCE：Never turn the tractor under the condition of the differential lock engaged. Doing so could cause parts damage and extremely danger.
前驱动的使用操纵：
四轮驱动型拖拉机在田间重负荷作业或在潮湿松软土壤上工作时，为了改善拖拉机附着性能，可接合前驱动桥实现四轮驱动。此时，将位于驾驶座左侧下方的操纵手柄向后拉至接合状态，使动力经分动箱传至前驱动桥。挂结和分离前驱动桥，必须在拖拉机停车状态下进行。
注意：四轮驱动型型拖拉机在一般硬路面进行运输作业时是不准使用前驱动桥的，只有雨雪天路面滑或上大坡后轮打滑时，才能使用前驱动桥，当拖拉机通过困难区段后，应立即脱开前驱动。
Front Drive Axle Operation
Engaging the front axle will carry out the four wheels driving to promote the adhesion. Pull rearward the control lever under the seat in the left side to engage the transfer case and transmit the power to front axle by transfer case. Depress clutch pedal fully before engaging or disengaging the transfer case.
IMPORTANCE: Never apply the front axle while tractor is traveling on road to avoid front tire wear quickly。Do not apply the front axle unless the rear wheels slide. Disengage the front axle as soon as the tractor pass the sliding area。
拖拉机的停车和柴油机熄火：
拖拉机短时间内停车可以不熄火，长时间停车应将柴油机熄火：
Stop the Tractor and Turn off the Engine
The engine should not be turned off if the tractors stop for a few minutes. Turn off the engine when the tractor stops for a long period. Turn off the engine and stop the tractor according to the following procedure.
（1） 拖拉机停车后，将启动开关旋至“关”的位置，关闭所有电源。
（2） 停放时应踩下制动器踏板，使用停车制动装置锁定。
（3） 冬季停放时应放净冷却水，以免冻坏缸体和水箱。
（4） 长期停车时，放净柴油机的冷却水，清洗拖拉机，外表涂防锈油，各润滑点加注润滑脂，将前后轮胎支起，断开电瓶连线。
1. Turn the key switch to “off” position to cut off the power.
2. Depress the brake pedals and apply the parking brake when the tractor is in the condition of unused.
3. In the winter, drain off the cooling water to avoid damaging thr engine block and water tank
4. When tractor at long time unused, should drain off the water in the engine, clean the tractor, then besmear the rustproof oil, the every lubricate should add lubricate oil, prop up the front wheel, cut off the battery thread
2、 拖拉机工作装置的使用和操纵
Working Equipments Operation
动力输出轴的使用：
PTO Operation
将离合器踏板踏至最低处，以分离动力输出轴离合器，然后将操纵手柄向上扳至低速档位, 向下扳至高速档位，然后缓慢地松开离合器踏板，结合动力输出。注意，长期不用动力输出轴,应将动力输出轴操纵手柄置于低速档位位置。
Set the PTO lever to neutral position ,dismount the safety shield and the PTO cover, then connect the implement with the Pitifully depress the clutch pedal to disengage the clutch, then set the PTO lever to desired speed. Smoothly release the clutch pedal to start the implement at small throttle to check the running condition, and then increase the throttle to operate the implement at normal speed.
Notice: while don’t use the rear PTO at long period, please should operate the PTO operate handle position at low speed shift
液压悬挂系统的使用：
Hydraulic Hitch System Operation
液压悬挂系统的操纵是通过操纵力、位调节手柄和下降速度调节阀手柄来实现的。
The Hydraulic Hitch System’s control is through the draft, position and drop speed operate handle.
位调节手柄的使用：位调节适用于在平整地面，比阻变化小的田块进行耕作。使用时，先将力调节手柄固定在提升位置，位调节手柄后移，农具提升；反之，农具下降。位调节手柄稳定在一个适当固定位置，保持耕作深度一致。
Position handle’s use: When the position control is used, the draft control lever should be set in the raising position of the highest end. Push the position control lever forward, the implement descend. Each lever position corresponds to a certain position of the implement relative to the tractor.
力调节手柄的使用：力调节适用于在起伏不平的土地进行耕作，以获得均匀的耕深牵引力；使用时，先将位调节手柄固定在提升位置，力调节手柄后移，农具提升，反之，农具下降。
Draft control handle’s use: Draft control is to use draft resistance to control the plowing depth automatically. More forward the draft control lever, more deep the plowing depth. Otherwise the shallower the plowing depth.
下降速度调节阀的使用：右旋调节阀，农具下降速度变慢，反之加快。当提升农具作运输时，需将速度调节阀旋转到底，防止路面颠簸，使农具下降而损坏。
Upper Link Point Selection: According to the implement type and weight to adjust the implement lowering speeds to prevent the implement from damaging. Turn right the adjusting valve to decrease the lowering speed. Turn left the adjusting valve to increase the lowering speed. When farm implement on transmission way, the adjust valve should rotary to down bottom, proof the farm implement damage while on jounce ways.
注意：力、位调节手柄禁止同时使用。使用其中一个时，另一个应放在“提升”位置。在坚硬地面上不得用力调节手柄降落农具，以防下降速度太快，损坏液压系统及农具。
Notice: position and draft handle prohibit use at same time. When one handle is using, the other handle should put step up position. If the handle speeds down quickly, will damage the hydraulic system and implement.
液压输出的使用：
Hydraulic output system use:
奥野系列中马力拖拉机部分机型配置了双路液压输出，四个输出接口，与提升器共用油。通过拧动多路阀阀片上的单双作用转换螺栓可实现单、双作用输出转换，单双作用转换螺栓右旋到底为双作用输出；相反操作为单作用输出。四个输出接口分为两组，每竖向两个接口为一组回路，用两个操纵手柄分别控制，使用方法为：
The AOYE series medium power tractor partial types have disposed the pair of road hydraulic pressure output, four outputs connections, with hoist altogether oil used. Through twists moves on the multi channel valvepiece the odd and even function transformation bolt to be possible to realize the list, the double-acting output transforms odd and even function transformation bolt dextrorotation for double-acting output; opposite operation florist function output. Four outputs connections divide into two groups, each vertical two connections are group of return routes, separately controls with two control handles, the application method is:
双作用输出时：内手柄向前，内侧一组输出口上口为回油口，下口为压力口
内手柄向后，内侧一组输出口上口为压力口，下口为回油口
外手柄向前，外侧一组输出口上口为回油口，下口为压力口
外手柄向后，外侧一组输出口上口为压力口，下口为回油口
单作用输出时：（液压管路只接内外侧上口）
内手柄向前，内侧输出口上口回油，工作装置下降；
内手柄向后，内侧输出口上口出油，工作装置提升；
外手柄向前，外侧输出口上口回油，工作装置下降；
外手柄向后，外侧输出口上口出油，工作装置提升；
注意：液压提升与液压输出不能同时使用，使用其一时，另一方手柄必须放置在中立位置。操纵手柄时不能用力过猛。
When double-acting output: In the handle to front, inside group of outlets upper openings is the oil discharge mouth, the end opening is the pressure mouth In the handle to after, inside group of outlets upper openings is the pressure mouth, the end opening is the oil discharge mouth Outside the handle to front, flank group of outlets upper openings is the oil discharge mouth, the end opening is the pressure mouth Outside the handle to after, flank group of outlets upper openings is the pressure mouth, the end opening is the oil discharge mouth When list function output: In (hydraulic circuit only meets flank upper opening) In the handle to front, the inside outlet upper opening oil discharge, the work installment drops; In the handle to after, the inside outlet upper opening leaves the oil, the work installment promotion; Outside the handle to front, the flank outlet upper opening oil discharge, the work installment drops; Outside the handle to after, the flank outlet upper opening leaves the oil, the work installment promotion; Attention: The hydraulic pressure promotion and the hydraulic pressure output cannot also use, uses it for a while, another side handle must lay aside in the neutral point. When control handle cannot make an effort excessively fiercely.
三、 拖拉机的调整和保养
Tractor’s adjustment and maintenance
离合器的调整和保养：
Clutch adjustment and maintenance
1) 离合踏板自由行程的调整：
Clutch step board’s distance adjustment
离合踏板的自由行程在15到20毫米，离合器分离杠杆与主离合器分离轴承端面的间隙为2-2.5毫米。在使用过程中，由于离合器摩擦片的不断磨损，间隙逐渐减小，因此在使用过程应经常检查和调整。调整时应松开离合器拉杆上的锁紧螺母，拧动拉杆，改变拉杆长度，使踏板的自由行程在15到20毫米，锁紧拉杆上的锁紧螺母。
The clutch step ‘s journey form 15mm to 20mm, the distance between clutch release lever and main clutch release bearing clearance is 2.0～2.5mm. compliance the clutch use, the clutch Driven Disk continue wear and tear, the clearance is being decrement, then should check and adjustment when use it.. Relax the locknut of the clutch draw bar, screw the draw bar, change the distance of the draw bar.
2）离合器分离杠杆的调整
The clutch release lever the adjustment
调整时，先将主离合器调整螺钉上的螺母松开，旋转调整螺钉，使三个主分离杠杆的高度一致，误差不大于0.2mm，然后将螺母锁紧。再松开副离合器拉杆上的球头螺母，转动球头螺母使三个副分离杠杆的高度一致，误差不大于0.2mm，此时要保证副离合器分离杠杆头部到主离合器分离杠杆头部距离为8mm，调好后将球头螺母锁紧。
When adjustment, first operates the main clutch adjusting screw on untwine, revolves the adjusting screw, causes three hosts separations release lever to be highly consistent, the error is not bigger than0.2mm, then nut lock. Again the pine operates on the vice- clutch pull rod a ball nut, a rotation ball nut causes three vice- to separate the release lever to be highly consistent, the error is not bigger than0.2mm, this time must guarantee the vice- coupling separation release lever forehead to the main clutch separation release lever forehead distance is 8mm, after moves the ball nut lock.
3）限位距离的调整
Spacing distance adjustment
调整方法：松开锁紧螺母，调整螺栓，使其六方头与离合器分离叉摇臂之间的距离9.5～11mm，然后锁紧螺母。
Adjustment method: The pine opens locks the nut, the adjustable bolt, causes its six square head with clutch release fork rocking shaft between distance 9.5 ~ 11mm, then locks the nut.
注意：离合器内部不允许进油。
Attention: The coupling interior does not permit the oil.
制动器的调整
Brake adjustment
当制动器摩擦片磨损后，会使制动器踏板行程增大，产生制动不良现象，调整时，松开螺母，调整拉杆，使制动踏板的行程达到120～130mm，并使左右踏板行程基本一致，调整完毕后，将螺母锁紧。
After the brake friction Disc attrition, can cause the brake foot board traveling schedule to increase, produces when applies the brake the undesirable tendency, the adjustment, the pine operates the nut, adjusts the tension bar, enables the brake pedal the traveling schedule about to achieve 120 ~ 130mm, and causes the foot board traveling schedule basic to be consistent, after the adjustment finished, nut lock.
转向、行走系统的调整
Changes, the undercarriage system adjustment
机械转向器的调整：
Mechanical steering adjustment:
a） 轴承间隙的调整
Bearing gap adjustment
为了使转向器正常工作，转向螺杆两端的锥轴承必须预紧，当轴承磨损而产生间隙时，通过增减调整垫片来消除间隙。
In order to cause the diverter normal work, changes the screw rod beginnings and ends the awl bearing to have pre- to be tight, when the bearing wears has the gap, through the fluctuation adjusting shim eliminates the gap.
b） 齿扇齿条啮合间隙的调整
Tooth fan rack backlash adjustment
在使用过程中，当方向盘空行程超过20°时应进行调整。
In use process, when the steering traveling schedule surpasses 20° should carry on the adjustment.
调整时，将转向器壳体右侧的螺母拧松，顺时针方向转动调整螺钉，则使啮合间隙减小，应调整到当转向垂臂位于中间位置时，方向盘左右转动45°，齿条和齿扇之间应没有啮合间隙。调整好后，将螺母锁紧，防止漏油。
When adjustment, twists the diverter shell right flank nut the pine, clockwise rotates the adjusting screw, then causes the backlash to reduce, should adjust when changes stand arm is located the middle position, the steering turn right 45°, the rack and between the tooth fan should not the backlash. After adjusts, the nut lock, prevents the oil leak.
液压转向器的检查调整
Hydraulic pressure diverter inspection adjustment
a. 检查转向油箱的油面，不足时应及时添加。
The inspection changes the fuel tank the oil level, when the insufficiency should promptly increase.
b. 横流溢流泵、油箱、转向油缸和转向器的进出油口和管路各接头连接处应拧紧，防止渗油，若有渗油现象，应及时检查垫片或密封圈是否损坏，若有损坏应及时更换。
The cross flow overflow pumps, the fuel tank, changes the cylinder and the diverter turnover oil mouth and pipeline each attachment joint should screw tight, prevented infiltrates the oil, if has infiltrates the oil phenomenon, should promptly inspect the filling piece or the seal packing collar whether do damage, if has the damage to be supposed promptly to replace.
